Li-Cycle Holdings Corp. is a Canada-based company focused on lithium-ion battery resource recovery and recycling for the electric vehicle and energy storage supply chain. Founded in 2016 and headquartered in Toronto, it operates facilities in North America and Europe to handle manufacturing scrap and end-of-life batteries from a range of applications. The company is publicly listed in the United States (NYSE: LICY).
Li-Cycle employs a “Spoke & Hub” process architecture. Spoke facilities mechanically process batteries and production scrap into intermediates, including “black mass,” which contains valuable materials such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, and graphite. Hub facilities use hydrometallurgical refining to recover these materials as battery-grade chemicals, including lithium carbonate or hydroxide and nickel and cobalt sulphates, for reintroduction into the battery materials supply chain. The model is designed to handle diverse battery formats and chemistries and to provide a scalable pathway for closed-loop materials recovery.