Global Clean Energy Holdings

Its core activities span plant genetics and agronomy through the Sustainable Oils subsidiary, which maintains one of the world's largest patent portfolios for camelina; agricultural production on fallow or idle land to avoid food crop competition; midstream logistics; and downstream refining. The flagship asset is the Bakersfield Renewable Fuels facility in Bakersfield, California, a former crude oil refinery acquired in 2020 and converted to process camelina oil and other renewable feedstocks such as used cooking oils into renewable diesel, propane, butane, and naphtha at a design capacity of approximately 210 million gallons per year.

The company operates mainly in the US with some international feedstock sourcing and has pursued offtake agreements with partners including ExxonMobil and Vitol. It emphasizes a farm-to-fuel model certified under US Renewable Fuel Standard and California Low Carbon Fuel Standard pathways for exceptionally low carbon intensity. In April 2025, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection amid project delays and debt issues exceeding $2 billion; it emerged in August 2025 reorganized as the privately held Grapevine Energy Holdings, LLC, with ownership transferred to senior lenders and engineering partner CTCI Americas Inc., securing new exit financing while continuing operations at the Bakersfield site.

Positioned as an innovator in the renewable fuels sector, Global Clean Energy Holdings has contributed to advancing non-food, regenerative feedstock technologies and biorefinery conversions, supporting broader industry efforts toward lower-carbon transportation fuels without land-use change impacts.