Polo Petroquímico do Grande ABC (Capuava Petrochemical Complex)

Brazil’s oldest and most densely integrated petrochemical complex, straddling the Santo André–Mauá boundary in greater São Paulo, founded 1972 on the first-generation model of a central cracker with downstream tenants around it. Braskem’s ABC cracker, about 700 kt/y of ethylene, sits at the core; the Petrobras Mauá refinery supplies naphtha across the fence. Tenants are connected by short pipelines for ethylene, propylene, hydrogen-rich fuel gas, steam and industrial water — the latter drawn from the Aquapolo reuse project, one of the largest industrial water-reuse schemes in the world. Rail siding present, no barge access. Note the regulatory pressure on the site: the refinery is in the Petrobras divestment programme and the complex lies inside a densely urbanised area, so expansion is constrained.